Design and validation of a conceptual model regarding impact of open science on healthcare research processes.

INTRODUCTION: The development and use of digital tools in various stages of research highlight the importance of novel open science methods for an integrated and accessible research system. The objective of this study was to design and validate a conceptual model of open science on healthcare research processes. METHODS: This research was conducted in three phases using a mixed-methods approach. The first phase employed a qualitative method, namely purposive sampling and semi-structured interview guides to collect data from healthcare researchers and managers. Influential factors of open science on research processes were extracted for refining the components and developing the proposed model; the second phase utilized a panel of experts and collective agreement through purposive sampling. The final phase involved purposive sampling and Delphi technique to validate the components of the proposed model according to researchers' perspectives. FINDINGS: From the thematic analysis of 20 interview on the study topic, 385 codes, 38 sub-themes, and 14 main themes were extracted for the initial proposed model. These components were reviewed by expert panel members, resulting in 31 sub-themes, 13 main themes, and 4 approved themes. Ultimately, the agreed-upon model was assessed in four layers for validation by the expert panel, and all the components achieved a score of > 75% in two Delphi rounds. The validated model was presented based on the infrastructure and culture layers, as well as supervision, assessment, publication, and sharing. CONCLUSION: To effectively implement these methods in the research process, it is essential to create cultural and infrastructural backgrounds and predefined requirements for preventing potential abuses and privacy concerns in the healthcare system. Applying these principles will lead to greater access to outputs, increasing the credibility of research results and the utilization of collective intelligence in solving healthcare system issues.

Iranian researchers' perspective about concept and effect of open science on research publication.

BACKGROUND: Sharing research outputs with open science methods for different stakeholders causes better access to different studies to solve problems in diverse fields, which leads to equal access conditions to research resources, as well as greater scientific productivity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perceive the concept of openness in research among Iranian health researchers. METHODS: From the beginning of August to the middle of November 2021, twenty semi-structured interviews were held with Iranian health researchers from different fields using purposeful, snowball, and convenience sampling. The interviews continued until data saturation. Data analysis was performed with thematic analysis using MAXQDA 20. Finally, seven main issues related to open science were identified. RESULTS: Through analysis of the interviews, 235 primary codes and 173 main codes were extracted in 22 subclasses. After careful evaluation and integration of subclasses and classes, they were finally classified into nine categories and three main themes. Analysis showed that openness in research was related to three main themes: researchers' understanding of open science, the impact of open science on publication and sharing of research, concerns and reluctance to open research. CONCLUSION: The conditions of access to research output should be specified given the diversity of studies conducted in the field of health; issues like privacy as an important topic of access to data and information in the health system should also be specified. Our analysis indicated that the conditions of publication and sharing of research processes should be stated according to different scopes of health fields. The concept of open science was related to access to findings and other research items regardless of cost, political, social, or racial barriers, which could create collective wisdom in the development of knowledge. The process of publication and sharing of research related to open access applies to all types of outputs, conditions of access, increasing trust in research, creation of diverse publication paths, and broader participation of citizens in research. Open science practices should be promoted to increase the circulation and exploitation rates of knowledge while adjusting and respecting the limits of privacy, intellectual property and national security rights of countries.

Bibliometric Analysis on Geriatric Nursing Research in Web of Science (1900-2020).

OBJECTIVE: Aging is a growing public health concern for people, organizations, and governments. The current study was undertaken to provide insights into the global research output on geriatric nursing. METHODS: A bibliometric study was implemented using the WoS database for the period from 1900 to 2020. Various tools and measures were used to analyze and visualized. RESULTS: The search strategy found 4923 papers. The oldest paper was written by Beverly C. Andre in 1953. As team size increases, so does the number of citations. The USA was the active country and the highest number of coauthors. New York University was an active institution. Stig Karlsson was the most active author in Geriatric Nursing with 28 articles from Sweden, followed by Koen Milisen and Sandman, with 26 articles each from Sweden and Belgium. The most frequent words in this field were depression, malnutrition, education, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. The latest research themes in this field were COVID-19, interprofessional locomotive syndrome, emergency nursing, and public health. The most influential papers were specified. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society was the most active journal. CONCLUSIONS: Geriatric nursing is a rooted field and has received special attention in the last decade. Policymakers, especially in developing countries, should pay attention to geriatric nursing as a specialty of nursing to solve aging issues they would face considering the increasing elderly population.

Skills and key education needed for clinical librarians: an exploratory study from the librarians' perspectives.

BACKGROUND: A clinical librarian is a member of the medical team in many countries. To strengthen this new job, librarians need to acquire professional skills in order to provide information services to medical staff. In this study, we aimed to explor the skills required for the presence of a clinical librarian in the treatment team. METHODS: In this study, we sonducted a qualitative study in which 15 experienced librarians were interviewed in connection with information services. Also, a treatment team was involved in this study using purposive-convenience and snowball sampling methods. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that continued until the data was saturated; finally the data analysis was performed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Out of the total interviews, 158 primary codes and, 107 main codes were extracted in 25 subclasses. After careful evaluation and integration of subclasses and classes, they were finally classified into 13 categories and four main themes, namely clinical librarian's role, professional and specialized skills, communication skills, and training programs. CONCLUSION: The results showed that specialized skills and training programs for the clinical librarian are defined based on his/her duties in the treatment team. We also defined the most important key skills for the clinical librarian in two categories of professional and communication skills such as specialized information search, content production, resource management, familiarity with various sources related to evidence-based medicine, teamwork, and effective communication. To acquire these skills, officials and policy-makers should develop and implement related educational programs at medical universities and colleges.

Joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices as a high-throughput approach for analysis of hyphenated and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatographic data.

The objective of the present work is development of joint approximate diagonalization of eigenmatrices (JADE) as a member of independent component analysis (ICA) family, for the analysis of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC×GC-MS) data to address incomplete separation problem occurred during the analysis of complex sample matrices. In this regard, simulated GC-MS and GC×GC-MS data sets with different number of components, different degree of overlap and noise were evaluated. In the case of simultaneous analysis of multiple samples, column-wise augmentation for GC-MS and column-wise super-augmentation for GC×GC-MS was used before JADE analysis. The performance of JADE was evaluated in terms of statistical parameters of lack of fit (LOF), mutual information (MI) and Amari index as well as analytical figures of merit (AFOMs) obtained from calibration curves. In addition, the area of feasible solutions (AFSs) was calculated by two different approaches of MCR-BANDs and polygon inflation algorithm (FACPACK). Furthermore, JADE performance was compared with multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) and other ICA algorithms of mean-field ICA (MFICA) and mutual information least dependent component analysis (MILCA). In all cases, JADE could successfully resolve the elution and spectral profiles in GC-MS and GC×GC-MS data with acceptable statistical and calibration parameters and their solutions were in AFSs. To check the applicability of JADE in real cases, JADE was used for resolution and quantification of phenanthrene and anthracene in aromatic fraction of heavy fuel oil (HFO) analyzed by GC×GC-MS. Surprisingly, pure elution and spectral profiles of target compounds were properly resolved in the presence of baseline and interferences using JADE. Once more, the performance of JADE was compared with MCR-ALS in real case. On this matter, the mutual information (MI) values were 1.01 and 1.13 for resolved profiles by JADE and MCR-ALS, respectively. In addition, LOD values (µg/mL) were respectively 1.36 and 1.24 for phenanthrene and 1.26 and 1.09 for anthracene using MCR-ALS and JADE which showed outperformance of JADE over MCR-ALS.